How do liability regimes differ when goods are carried by sea under a single carrier vs multi-carrier arrangements?

How do liability regimes differ when goods are carried by sea under a single carrier vs multi-carrier arrangements?

• A. In single-carrier regimes, liability is borne by a single liable party, while multi-carrier arrangements involve a chain with potentially limited liability per carrier and complex management across contracts.
• B. Single-carrier regimes hold a single liable party; multi-carrier arrangements involve chain of carriers with potentially limited liability per carrier and complex claim management across contracts.
• C. All regimes assign liability to the shipper.
• D. Multi-carrier regimes always guarantee full liability from every carrier.

Answer: (A)